Choke valves are subjected to typical wellhead extreme conditions which can cause erosion, corrosion and other damage. Introduction this installation and maintenance covers the 4 class 2500 angle style choke valve supplied to bp exploration for use on the hoton platform, tag no. Corrosion is generally associated with the choice of wrong materials. Choke valve technology in subsea environments sage journals. Spm adjustable and positive choke valves provide flow restriction in high.
Control valve in this discussion means any poweroperated valve, whether used for throttling or for onoff control. They are used for controlling the flow on production, reinjection and subsurface wellheads. In the context of the upstream oil and gas industry, choke valves are used wherever there is a requirement for wellhead flow and pressure control. Ecrcerosioncorrosion research center hchydrocarbon ppparticleparticle pvtpressure volume temperature. Case study damage analysis of choke bean used in an oilgas well. A flow line control valve is provided with internal erosion and corrosion trim liners and means for detecting for leaks in the liners. Extended mean time between service robust design and liberal application of hardened materials, efficient flowgeometry means the valves offer maximum production potential and minimum service requirements. Sandberg det norske veritas industry hiss, hovik, n22, norway abstract sand particles from oil and gas production may cause considerable erosion damage in critical parts of transport and processing equipment such as valves and chokes. The kki series 73 surface choke valve offers a unique solution for the majority of choke applications in the oil and gas industry. The closed position enriches the fuel mixture for starting a cold engine. A device incorporating an orifice that is used to control fluid flow rate or downstream system pressure. Properly selected and maintained control valves increase efficiency, safety, profitability, and ecology. It must be remembered that an oilgas well has a process component make up that is associated with a particular well. Australian pipeline valve reserves the right to provide alternate materials without prior notice.
Duxvalves produces a wide range of choke and control valves. The information contained in these drawings is the sole property of taylor valve technology inc. Choke valves are used to control the flow in the production units and subject to significant sand erosion. Choke valve technology in subsea environments simon. Control valves are an increasingly vital component of modern manufacturing around the world. In the second case, the corrosive fluid induces intense erosioncorrosion downstream the nozzle. Elsevier wear wear 186187 1995 179188 sand erosion of wearresistant materials. At high differential pressure across the choke, flow accelerations may occur in the choke valve and result in extremely high flow and particle velocities up to 500 ms within the choke valve and in the downstream pipes.
These valves can be equipped with several types of valve principles internals. A choke valve is sometimes installed in the carburetor of internal combustion engines. Higher fluid velocity up to 500 ms measured at trim area shown in figure 9 forms fluid jet kind of formation in the slugs of the choke bean. Refuel outdoors, in a wellventilated area, with the engine stopped and. The cavrosion valve trim is used in the same choke body as standard trim, and it is designed to afford the same linear flow characteristics as a standard feature. Chokes are available in several configurations for both fixed and adjustable modes of operation.
Trim selection selecting the right trim for your application is critical to optimizing flow. Your production choke valves are your primary control elements, and a major determinant in your ability to achieve profitability. Imi critical engineering is a worldleading provider of critical flow control solutions that enable vital energy and process industries to operate safely, cleanly, reliably and more efficiently. Api6a choke valve material trim service categories rating. A common mistake is to use a choke valve specification based on history. Depending on engine design and application, the valve can be activated manually by the operator of the engine via a lever or pull handle or.
In addition to the standard 4port trim of master flo choke valves, we offer a number of other styles to meet lownoise, high capacity, high pressure, well cleanup choke and other requirements. Introduction halliburton is the worlds leading provider of intelligent. The control valve handbook has been a primary reference since its first printing in 1965. Internal potential t 1 pdf erosioncorrosion failures in wellhead choke the surface morphology and chemistry of two chokes for oil and gas condensate, which failed by leakage, were related to the flow. Easy maintenance choke valves are designed to provide simple. The choke bean adapter made of carbon steel has been corroded and. The right hand valve is often called the flow wing valve or the production wing valve, because it is in the flow path the hydrocarbons take to production facilities. Pressure drop considerations choke valves are required to handle some of the. The simple vibrationresistant design makes it an ideal candidate for high pressure erosive and corrosive services. Its purpose is to restrict the flow of air, thereby enriching the fuelair mixture while starting the engine. Flow beans for positive chokes, stems of adjustable chokes, valve cores and seats are all fabricated from carbide alloy, so they have features of resistance to corrosion and erosion, working reliability.
Otc 24724ms stop erosion at the well head on fractured. Table of contents page schuf choke valve design 3 angle choke valve models 6 70fk high pressure angle choke valves hpac 6 70nv needle spline choke valves nsc 7 70ks cage choke valves cc 8 70hs anticav cage choke valves acc 9 70mc multistage cage choke valves mcc 10 70ec external sleeve choke valves esc 11 70df turnstyle disc choke valves tdc 12. Refuel with care gasoline is extremely flammable, and gasoline vapor can explode. Flow assurance aspects and optimization of subsea choke. Lancaster chokes are engineered to operate at high pressures and process aggressive fluids containing sand and other solid particles. Bolted bonnet safety bonnet is bolted into the body, it avoids the wellknown risks of corrosion, cross threading, galling of threaded type connection in production environments. Allows easy access to internals without breaking pipe connections, disconnecting or recalibrating the actuator. The valve seat is removed from the highflow area, and tungsten carbide components are used for throttling the flow. Typically this can include high fluid velocity, slugging, sand production and multiphase of oil, gases and water. Other valve varieties such as motorized gate valves, louvers, pinch valves and selfoperated regulators are not considered here. Modelling failure mechanisms in subsea equipment ntnu open. Another purpose that the choke valves serve is to kill the pressure from reservoir and to regulate the downstre.
To protect equipment solids need to be removed as soon as possible downstream of the christmas tree. Problems downstream from choke alternate flow and flare routes should be provided in case of plugging or failure of the primary line. For these reasons, abrasion and corrosion of the valve surfaces rapidly shortens the usable. Inspect all parts for damage, corrosion, or erosion and replace as necessary. Effect of erosion on co2 corrosion of % cr and duplex steels, norsk hydro rep. The kits are used as an insulator between dissimilar metal flanges or to electrically isolate sections of pipe works in a cathodic protection system, preventing the flow of electrostatic charge along the pipelines. The flexible valve design can incorporate many different trim and body material options to suit differing flow rates and inservice conditions. Durable and corrosion resistant 316 stainless material. Erosion in choke valvesoil and gas industry applications. Prediction of sand erosion in choke valves cfd model.
Common choke valve problems and solutions thanks to mokveld. The design allows for less expensive replacement of the downstream hub. As the industry continues to increase technology demands, operators select forum to. The left hand valve is often called the kill wing valve. Choke control valves 1 forum provides a broad range of chokescontrol valves, to meet most applications from basic manual operated to fully automated systems. It does not specifically state that these performance verification procedures shall be done for all products covered by api 16c. The choke comprises of a duplex stainless steel angle type body configuration with a bolted bonnet and. Api spec 16c specification for choke and kill sytems last update. Api spec 16c specification for choke and kill sytems. Introducing choke valve technology a choke valve is a mechanical device that induces restriction in a flow line, causing either a pressure drop or a reduction in the rate of flow.
There is also provided fuller range, positive shutoff throttle means designed to reduce erosion and corrosion of the throttling parts and valve seat. The fluids controlled by choke valves will be well fluids, or production hydrocarbons, containing a mixture. Costeffective valve with choking capability hsicv valve. Demanding production processes the leader in choke technology. Simulation of erosion wear in choke valves using cfd. So even in worst case at smaller choke openings like 20%, fluid velocity reaches mach number more than 1supersonic. Erosioncorrosion failures in wellhead choke request pdf. Toward the valve outlet, the damage turns into uniform co2 corrosion, which is the typical degradation mode of the choke body. Our manufacturing processes and selection of materials ensures maximum resistance of all components extending the service life of the choke. Elsevier wear wear 186187 1995 401412 erosion in choke valvesoil and gas industry applications l. Erosioncorrosion research center news the information on erosion in chokes presented on the front side of this issue will be presented in a more complete form at corrosion96 in denver in a paper titled, the effect of changing geometry in a choke on resulting erosioncorrosion behavior, by b. It is primarily used for injection of fluids such as corrosion inhibitors or. Request pdf flow assurance aspects and optimization of subsea choke valve sand management and erosion in subsea production systems sps, choke valves can be considered to be the heart of.
The weir choke valve range is produced to meet the requirements of one of the following design standards, either api 6aiso 10423asme b16. Erosioncorrosion failures in wellhead chokes onepetro. This choke manifold has been proven for use in a wider range of mpd applications and is. A production choke valve will typically take up to 40,000 barrels of oil a day and must control startup, running and shutdown processes. The low flow rate throttling action is provided by progressive and accumulative flow through one or more stages. Com accurate control 90 degree rotation from full off to full on. Toward the valve outlet, the damage turns into uniform coo2 corrosion. Disclosed is an adjustable choke valve having opposed abutting discs which have apertures. Choke valve is a type of control valves, mostly used in oil and gas production wells to control the flow of well fluids being produced.
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